Our mind works through many different processes. This phenomenon is called Parallel Processing and is fundamental to how your brain operates. Within this process, seperate brain networks handle varying degrees of information and send them to your conscious awareness dependent on relevancy. This releveancy is dictated by your past and lived experiences, emotional-affective signature, and your overall state. This influence is called the Context of your perception, and will dictate what type of information is available for you to manipulate.
Although we have plenty of different types of information stored within our memories, we only have access to the most pertinent giving the imposing context. This is most likely due to our focus. If we focus on certain things we get certain results. If we want to remember a specific person then we shift our focus down a narrow avenue that isn't necessarily questioning metaphysics. It is important to recognize what context you are in when assessing your cognition.
If you are in a state of panic, it might be hard to focus on doing long division. This is due to the contextual influence; the value of the panic signal outweighs the desire to do the math. Also, our focus will be directed towards the reasons that facilitated the panic state in the first place, due to the emotional-affective value.
Its important to keep a clean, clear view of your context in order to make rational decisions that are aligned with your goals and belief systems.